MAZDA - Cosmo 110S - 1967-1972

[Kaizen]

"The first Mazda to bear the Cosmo name (called the 110S on models intended for export) was the first 2-rotor rotary engine powered series car. A prototype was introduced at the 1964 Tokyo Motor Show, and 80 pre-production Cosmos were produced for the Mazda test department (20) and for dealership testing (60) between 1965 and 1966. Full production began in May 1967 and lasted through 1972, though Cosmos were built by hand at a rate of only about one per day, for a total of 1,519 343 Series I cars and 1,176 Series II cars".

Fonte: wikipedia

[Kaizen]

É um texto muito grande, mas digno de se ler http://www.ezboard.com/images/emoticons/happy.gif ALT=":D">  

Mazda Cosmo Sport
The story of vision, dedication and loyalty behind Mazda's svelte 2-seat sports car and its engine

By Sam Mitani  •  Photos By Koichi Ohtani

http://www.roadandtrack.com/images/rt_images/2002/april/2002_04_cosmo_rt_lead.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

SHIMIZU, Japan — Many of you may not recognize the car shown here at first glance — understandable, considering the Mazda Cosmo Sport was never marketed in the U.S. So why is it being featured in the pages of this magazine? Well, one reason is that it's a nimble, lightweight sports car, the kind we like here at R&T. But the main reason is to tell the story behind the car's powerplant, Mazda's first production rotary engine. To get a full appreciation of cars such as the Cosmo Sport and especially the RX-7 and RX-8, one must turn back the pages to when Mazda was still known as Toyo Kogyo, perhaps even as far back as to the day the atomic bomb was dropped on the quiet city of Hiroshima.

http://www.roadandtrack.com/images/rt_images/2002/april/2002_04_cosmo_static_rear.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

Hours after that fateful evening of August 6, 1945, Toyo Kogyo, a manufacturer of 3-wheeled industrial vehicles, converted its facilities into a makeshift hospital and a gathering place for those looking for loved ones. And despite losing more than 200 employees to the blast, the company was able to resume business after only three months. Not long after, an up-and-coming engineer named Kenichi Yamamoto, who returned to Hiroshima from Tokyo to look for his family (he lost his sister and father in the bombing), joined the company

The following years at Toyo Kogyo — as well as the city — were concentrated on rebuilding. In the meantime, two companies to the north, Nissan and Toyota, began producing and marketing automobiles on a never-before-seen scale. Their impact on the domestic business sector was so significant that the Japanese government wanted to limit the number of primary automobile makers to no more than three.  Toyo Kogyo's president, Tsuneji Matsuda, a proud but shrewd man who would rather have died than see his company become a subsidiary of another, set his sights on becoming the third of Japan's Big Three. And to do so, he needed a passenger car. He assigned Yamamoto, then 36 years old, to head the development of a "4-wheel" automobile.

http://www.rx7-gallery.co.uk/binhist/p1history60/cosmo_6772/01_p1.jpeg" style="border:0;"/>

The result was the Mazda R360 Coupe, a diminutive 4-seater that emphasized value. It proved a winner at the dealerships, selling a few thousand units. But despite its success, Toyo Kogyo still faced the possibility of being bought out.

http://www.rx7-gallery.co.uk/binhist/p1history60/cosmo_6772/01_p2.jpeg" style="border:0;"/>

It was then that Matsuda received news of a new type of engine that had been "successfully" developed in Germany. Conceived by Felix Wankel and produced by NSU, this powerplant was reputed to be far superior to its piston counterpart — it was smaller and believed to be more durable and efficient. Matsuda immediately flew to Germany, believing that this new technology was destined to save his company. And despite knowing the engine had not yet been perfected, Matsuda in 1961 acquired the rights to produce and further develop the Wankel, paying an exorbitant amount of licensing money to the German company.

http://www.rx7-gallery.co.uk/binhist/p1history60/cosmo_6772/oldcosmo.gif" style="border:0;"/>

Once the ink dried on the document, he turned to his able confidant, Yamamoto, to oversee the development of this engine, which was to be placed into a new line of passenger cars. Yamamoto enthusiastically accepted the assignment, but little did he know then that he was embarking upon the challenge of his life.

http://www.rx7uknet.dircon.co.uk/binhist/histpics/kenichi_yamamoto.gif" style="border:0;"/>
"Mr. Rotary" Kenichi Yamamoto

He tested a prototype powerplant immediately. Once he loaded it into a mule, he was horrified to discover that the "revolutionary" Wankel engine was not what it was reputed to be. It wasn't even close to being viable for production, with problems far greater than he had imagined.

 The storage rooms at Toyo Kogyo began to overflow with failed prototypes. Some of the other manufacturers also working on the rotary engine gave up, publicly stating that developing it into a viable automotive powerplant was impossible.

It seemed that Matsuda's gamble had backfired. Yamamoto, sensing the hopelessness of the situation after hundreds of failed efforts, decided to throw in the towel. He visited the president's office for what he thought would be the last time. "I'm sorry but I don't have what it takes to fulfill this assignment," he told Matsuda.

Expecting the volatile Matsuda to explode with rage, Yamamoto found the president to be unusually calm. Matsuda turned to his dejected engineer, looked him in the eye and said in a low compassionate voice: "There's only one person in this world who can make this rotary work, and that's you. You, who call this city home. You, who love this city more than anything else in the world."

http://www.roadandtrack.com/images/rt_images/2002/april/2002_04_cosmo_concept.jpg" style="border:0;"/>
Built on the Miata platform, powered by the Renesis rotary, Mazda's Cosmo 21 may get the green light for production next year. Volume will be limited, and the price will be somewhere near $50,000.

Matsuda, who incidentally lost his brother to the bomb, was putting the fate of his company into the hands of another, something no one could have ever imagined him doing. With that, Yamamoto promised to give it one more go. He handpicked the best engineers in the company to form a team. They became known as "the 47 rotary warriors." Yamamoto rallied his troops by saying, "This is our chance to show the world what we Hiroshimans are made of." He asked them to sacrifice everything for the cause.

At about this time, added inspiration was provided by the first glimpse of the car that the engine was to go into. It wasn't a boxy sedan that most of them expected, but a sleek, svelte sports car with flowing lines.


After a few months, the engineers were able to stop the oil leak by using a rubber seal on the rotor. It was never tried before because it was believed that the rubber would melt from the engine heat, but the temperature on the rotor itself turned out to be much lower than expected. Now all that remained were the devil's fingernail marks. And the devil was a worthy foe indeed. Yamamoto had tried more than 500 different metals and combinations of metals to form the apex seals, but none proved effective — they were either too coarse, scratching the inner engine wall, or too soft, prohibiting the rotor from spinning effectively. Then, one day, Yamamoto happened to fix his gaze upon his pencil. He realized immediately that he held in his hands exactly what he was looking for. The carbon graphite in pencil lead was resistant to scratching and its surface was unusually slick. All he needed to do was make the material hard enough to stand the rigors of a spinning rotor.

He asked his chief metallurgist, Jun Miyata, to try to produce an appropriate material. Miyata mixed the carbon with all sorts of hard metals but couldn't get the desired results. Then, purely as an experiment, he mixed the carbon with a soft metal: aluminum. To his surprise, the aluminum-impregnated carbon proved to be the winning formula.


 The new formula was immediately tested. Yamamoto and his crew placed the engine on the test bed. No marks. Then they plopped it into a mule and took it to the test track where it ran and ran and ran. Finally after about 70,000 miles, they brought the car in and disassembled the engine. They inspected the bore lining; the fingernail marks were nowhere to be found.

The arduous ordeal was over. After more than five years, Yamamoto and his team had finally achieved their goal. And the rotary engine was ready for production.

In total, 1176 Cosmo Sports were produced, which included about 900 stretched-wheelbase versions. The car you see on the previous pages, number 11321, is among the last to come down the line. It has been carefully maintained by Yasunobu Mochizuki, the president of the Cosmo Owners Club.


The car is a delight to drive with a light, nimble nature that's similar to that of the Miata. The engine resonates with a unique hum, a sound that could come only from a rotary. The two-rotor powerplant, dubbed the 10A, began life producing 110 bhp, but later ones, including his 1972 model, pumped out 128 bhp at 7000 rpm and 103 lb.-ft. of torque at 5000. This enabled the 2110-lb. car to run to 60 mph in roughly 7.5 seconds (quicker than today's Miata!) and to the quarter-mile mark in roughly 15.5.

Despite possessing such wonderful performance, the rotary engine did not receive its fair share of praise. Thus, a new challenge faced Yamamoto; he needed to somehow convince the public that his Wankel was as good or even better than its piston counterpart.

http://www.roadandtrack.com/images/rt_images/2002/april/2002_04_cosmo_static_rear.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

He turned to Hiroshi Yamamoto (no relation) to look for an appropriate venue. The young Mazda race specialist found one. It was an event called the Marathon de la Route, an endurance race that started and finished in Liege, Belgium, driving through mountain roads to the famed Nürburgring, where the cars would race for 84 hours straight. At the start of the race, no one even gave the little Japanese sports car a second look. Things would change.

Two Cosmo Sports were entered. One experienced non-engine-related problems during the 82nd hour at the Nürburgring and had to be withdrawn. But the other cruised around the famed circuit effortlessly. During the ride back to Liege, Belgians crowded the streets, pulling for the little Japanese car to win the race. The Mazda didn't win, but it did finish in 4th place behind a couple of Porsche 911s and a Lancia Fulvia, a result that exceeded everyone's expectations.


Fast forward 23 years, to 1991. A rotary-powered Mazda claims the checkered flag of the world's most prestigious endurance race — the 24 Hours of Le Mans. With this win, the Mazda 787B became the only rotary-powered car to ever win the event. And while other Japanese car companies, ones that nearly consumed Mazda a few decades before, have tried to conquer the famed French circuit on numerous occasions, the little Hiroshima-based carmaker still stands as the only one to do so. Overseeing this victorious effort was Takaharu Kobayakawa, one of the engineers who worked on the original Cosmo Sport rotary. Indeed, the heritage of the 787B's Le Mans win can be traced directly back to the days of the rotary engine's infant stages, perhaps even as far back as that fateful day in 1945.

Who could have predicted then that from the rubble of this tragedy a world champion would triumphantly emerge.

1972 Cosmo Sport Specifications
Curb weight   2110 lb.
Wheelbase 92.5 in.
Length 162.6 in.
Width 62.6 in.
Height 45.9 in.
Engine & Drivetrain
Engine   2-rotor Wankel
Displacement 982 cc
Compression ratio 9.4:1
Horsepower 128 bhp @ 7000 rpm
Torque 103 lb-ft @ 5000 rpm
Transmission 5-speed manual
Chassis & Body
Layout   front engine/rear drive
Brakes, f/r discs/drums
Wheels steel, 15 in.
Steering type rack & pinion
Suspension, f/r upper & lower A-arms, coil springs, tube shocks/De Dion, leaf springs, tube shocks


 

Edited by: http://pub75.ezboard.com/bamigosdosjaponesesantigos.showUserPublicProfile?gid=rviper>Rviper  http://www.celica-supra-team.ch/images/k_kool_ra28.jpg" BORDER=0> at: 5/13/03 11:31:14 pm

[Tumulus]

mais um link: cp_www.tripod.com/rotary/pg16.htm

Edited by: http://p086.ezboard.com/bamigosdosjaponesesantigos.showUserPublicProfile?gid=kombota>kombota at: 9/7/06 11:12

[kombota]

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/1.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/2.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/3.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/4.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/5.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/6.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://rmartins.no.sapo.pt/Mazda%20Cosmo/7.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda_Cosmo" target="top">wikipedia

Cumpshttp://www.deephousepage.com/smilies/thumb.gif ALT=":[fixe]">  

Edited by: http://p086.ezboard.com/bamigosdosjaponesesantigos.showUserPublicProfile?gid=kombota>kombota at: 9/7/06 11:17

[kombota]

por Superxikito:

Aqui ficam os vários modelos de Cosmos que a Mazda foi lançando no decorrer do tempo...

Gosto muito dos Cosmos até à serie de 1975 - 1981!!! http://www.deephousepage.com/smilies/respent.gif ALT=":[respekt]">  

Mazda Cosmo
1967

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/1967_mazda_cosmo_sport_1.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

Vários carros sairam com a designação "Cosmos", todos carros de GT. Este foi a

rampa de lançamento dos motores Wankel da Mazda, e serviu como ícone da nova Mazda.



Mais tarde, o Cosmo competiu directamente com o Skyline GT-R. O último Cosmo

(1990-1995) ficou conhecido como o Eunos Cosmo.

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_17b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_18b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_20h.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.speedarena.com/news/uploads/features/p28_1.jpg" style="border:0;"/>


Em 1968, o Cosmo participou numa corrida de 84 horas, a Maratona de la Route, na

lendária pista de Nürburgring, na Almanha. Participaram 2 Cosmos com mais 58

carros. Os Cosmos estavam quase stocks. Sofreram apenas algumas modificações ao

nível das válvulas para obter rotações mais altas e abriram uma nova entrada de ar.

O motor - conhecido como o 10A - de 982 cc (dois rotores de 491cc) foi limitado a

130 Hp para aumentar a sua fiabilidade. O carro conduzido pelo japoneses desistiram

com um problema nos eixos, enquanto que o Cosmo pilotado pelos belgasacabou a

corrida em 4º lugar.

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_12b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.eunos.com/keith/110S/images/p01.jpg" style="border:0;"/>


Series I

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Mazda_cosmo_sport.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

The Series I/L10A Cosmo was powered by a 0810 two-rotor engine with 982 cc of

displacement and produced about 110 hp (thus the 110 name). It used a Hitachi

4-barrel carburetor and an odd ignition design - two spark plugs per chamber with

dual distributors. A 4-speed manual transmission and 14 in wheels were standard.

The front independent suspension was A-arm/coil spring design with an anti-roll

bar. The rear used a live axle with a de Dion tube, trailing arms, and

semi-elliptic leaf springs. Non-powered 10 in disk brakes were found in front with

7.9 in drum brakes in the rear. Performance in the quarter-mile (400 m) was 16.4

sec, with a 115 mph top speed. The price was lower than the Toyota 2000GT at 1.48

million yen (US$4,100).

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_05b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

Series II
Mazda Cosmo Sport L10B/Series II (note the larger "mouth")

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/1967_mazda_cosmo_sport_1.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

The Series II/L10B was introduced in July, 1968. It had a more-powerful 128 hp (95

kW)/103 ft.lbf (140 Nm) 0813 engine, power brakes, 15 in wheels and a 5-speed

manual transmission. The wheelbase had been expanded by 5.9 in for more room and a

better ride. This Cosmo was good for over 120 mph and could accelerate to cover a

quarter mile (400 m) in 15.8 sec.

Visual changes included a larger grille under the front bumper with two additional

vents to each side of this "mouth". Only 1,519 were ever made, and just six were

imported into the United States. The price was up a bit to 1.48 million yen

(US$4,390)


1975-1981

http://www.mazda.com/history/rotary/img/n-photo13.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.mazda.co.jp/history/img/1970_cosmo_zoom2.gif" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.iris.ne.jp/wildfire/wf/graphic/car/mazda-cosmo-ap.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

The second generation CD Cosmo appeared in 1975 and lasted until 1981. It was known

as the Cosmo AP in Japan, and sold internationally as the Mazda RX-5, though in

some markets its piston powered counterpart was called the Mazda 121 (a name later

applied to Mazda's subcompact model) when not equipped with a rotary engine. Mazda

America used the Mazda Cosmo name and offered the car from 1976 through 1978. The

CD Cosmo/RX-5 series was a flop internationally as Mazda tried too hard to

"Americanize" the car. It was however an enourmous success in Japan where over

55,000 where sold in the first year alone. Due to its poor sales as an export, the

series-II version from 79-81 was not exported & remained on domestic sale only.

The Cosmo was Mazda's 'large' compact rotary coupe and based on the Mazda RX-4

floorpan and mechanics, but slightly heavier due to body design and more luxurious

appointments, including an independent rear suspension. It was available with the

12A and 13B engines.

A piston engine version, the Cosmo 1800, used a 1769cc (80x88mm) straight-4 SOHC

engine that produced 100 hp (75 kW) and 110 ft.lbf (149 Nm)

http://www.atkinsrotary.com/images/gallery/Nitro449818.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.rx7-gallery.co.uk/binhist/p2history70/cosmoap_7580/10_p3.jpeg" style="border:0;"/>


1982-1989

http://www.rx7-gallery.co.uk/binhist/p3history80/cosmoluce_8189/13_p4.jpeg" style="border:0;"/>

The third generation HB Cosmo from 1982 shared the Mazda HB chassis with its twin,

the Mazda Luce. The Cosmo name was available on a coupe, hardtop and sedan body.

Its equal Mazda Luce variant was not available in coupe form. The HB Cosmo/Luce was

the only car in automotive history to option all three forms of Automotive engine.

Piston, Diesel and Rotary.

Mazda offered three versions of rotary engine for the HB series. A 12A-SPI,

12A-turbo and 13B-RESI. The latter available with automatic transmission only. The

1982 12A-turbo Cosmo coupe was officially the fastest production car in Japan at

one stage.

The HB Cosmo was sold with its rotary engine option in Japan only. The Luce variant

was replaced in 1986, but the Cosmo soldiered on unchanged until 1989.

1990-1995

http://members.aol.com/qwkimport/gallery/mazda03.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.rx7-gallery.co.uk/binhist/p3history80/eunos_cosmojc_9095/16_p1.jpeg" style="border:0;"/>

A truly modern Eunos Cosmo (based on the 1985 MX-03 concept car) started production

in 1990 on the new JC platform. It remains the most powerful rotary-powered vehicle

in history, and is the only Mazda to use a triple-rotor engine. The car was a 2+2

coupe and was loaded with power amenities. An automatic transmission was mandatory.

Two engines were available, the twin turbo 13B-REW and the 20B-REW. The triple

rotor 20B had two liters (1962cc) of displacement, which is quite large for a

rotary powerplant. It produced 299 hp (224 kW) and 300 ft.lbf (402 Nm) with twin

turbochargers.

The Cosmo was manufactured from FEB-90 until SEP-95 for a total of 8875 sales

Cosmo 21
Em Janeiro de 2002, com base num chasis de um MX-5 e com o motor de um RX-8, no

Salão de Tokyo e aproveitando uma onde revivalista, a Mazda mostrou uma "nova"

versão do Cosmo:

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_29b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_25b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://mrec.rotary.net.nz/craigs/cosmo/pg16_27b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

 

[kombota]

http://image.blog.livedoor.jp/coupe_fiat/imgs/c/9/c918958b.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

Deve ser muito engraçado dar com um destes exemplares na estrada...

Cumpshttp://www.deephousepage.com/smilies/thumb.gif ALT=":[fixe]">  

[kombota]

http://media.popularmechanics.com/images/PMX0506Leno005_small.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/jay_leno_garage/2629006.html?page=1" target="top">Reportagem

Cumpshttp://www.deephousepage.com/smilies/thumb.gif ALT=":[fixe]">  

[kombota]

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_1.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_2.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_3.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_4.jpg" style="border:0;"/>


http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_5.jpg
http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_6.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_7.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_8.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_9.jpg
http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_10.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_11.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo12.jpg" style="border:0;"/>


http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_13.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_14.jpg" style="border:0;"/>


http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_15.jpg
http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_16.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_17.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_18.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.jaylenosgarage.com/images/photos/cosmo_19.jpg" style="border:0;"/>


Cumpshttp://www.deephousepage.com/smilies/thumb.gif ALT=":[fixe]">  

Edited by: http://p086.ezboard.com/bamigosdosjaponesesantigos.showUserPublicProfile?gid=kombota>kombota at: 1/3/07 10:14

[kombota]

http://www.2000gt.net/Mazda/Cosmo06.jpg" style="border:0;"/>

http://www.2000gt.net/Mazda/Cosmo.html" target="top">Link

Cumpshttp://www.deephousepage.com/smilies/thumb.gif ALT=":[fixe]">  

[kombota]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJGxq5-1MJc&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX5jlR9c1pw&feature=related

Nelson (kombota)